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  不管什么考试，在备考复习中，真题都是必不可少的备考资料，英语六级考试亦是如此。下面是小编整理的英语六级真题的测试题，欢迎大家学习。

  Questions46t050arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Opendata-sharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields,Althoughmanyrescarechersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience-becauseotherscientistsmightbeabletomakeadvancesnotforeseenbythedata'sproducers-mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaboursonline(seeNature461,160-163;2009)WhenWolkovich,forinstance,wenthuntingforthedatafromthe50studiesinhermeta-analysis,only8datasetswereA危ailableonline,andmanyoftheresearcherswhomshee-mailedrefusedtosharetheirworkForcedtoextractdatafromtablesorflguresinpublications,Wolkovich'steamcouldconductonlylimitedanalyses

　　SomecommunitieshA危eagreedtoshareonline-geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository,andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects-buttheseremaintheexception,nottheruleHistorically,scientistshA危eobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdataandthecontextualinformationcalledmetadata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata

　　Butthebarriersaredisappearinginpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportScienceasanOpenEnterprisethatscientistsneedtoshiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedaspricatepreserve"Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebeforeTomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem

　　Althoughexhortationstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelyaltruisticResearcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits.includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitationsThemostsuccessfulsharers-thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften-getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsusedForexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZanne,abiologistatGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashingtonDC,thinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesof'timber"IwouldmuchprefertohA危emydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,"shesays"It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresultsPublishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible"

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